École de gestion – Thèses
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Item Accès libre De l'utilisation de stratégies identitaires par les entrepreneurs ethniques(Université de Sherbrooke, 2025) Tombet Moupegnou, Constantin; Lalonde, Jean-FrançoisNotre recherche doctorale a pour objet l’étude du rôle des stratégies identitaires dans les actions des entrepreneurs ethniques. Elle étudie plus particulièrement la manière dont les femmes haïtiennes et les enfants (nés ou arrivés jeunes au Québec) d’entrepreneurs haïtiens au Québec utilisent des stratégies identitaires pour entreprendre. Notre recherche est interprétative et utilise deux stratégies de recherches complémentaires : les récits de vie et les études de cas. Au total, 34 entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées. Notre contribution principale réside dans le fait de comprendre l’utilisation de stratégies identitaires par les entrepreneurs ethniques pour mieux saisir les raisons sous-tendant leurs actions entrepreneuriales. Ainsi, nous démontrons que les entrepreneurs ethniques, en l’occurrence ici les enfants d’entrepreneurs haïtiens et les femmes haïtiennes, élaborent des stratégies identitaires pour mieux entreprendre et de ce fait choisissent les valeurs de leur culture d’origine qui leur conviennent. Le rejet et l’adoption de certaines valeurs de la culture d’origine par les entrepreneurs ethniques peuvent être ainsi dictés par une stratégie visant à entreprendre. Ils peuvent entreprendre non pas en s’émancipant de leur culture d’origine (même si elle est peu entrepreneuriale) mais plutôt en allant plus en profondeur dans certains aspects de celle-ci. Ils choisissent les valeurs de leur culture d’origine qui leur conviennent, en fonction du contexte et des besoins, mais toujours dans l’objectif d’entreprendre. L’entrepreneuriat a donc ici un impact sur la culture et non pas uniquement l’inverse. Une seconde contribution de notre thèse consiste à mieux comprendre l’entrepreneuriat féminin ethnique à travers le concept de « femme forte ». En contexte de démarrage d’entreprise, nous démontrons que les femmes entrepreneures ethniques, issues d’une culture patriarcale et collectiviste, peuvent se soustraire des liens de subordination qui freinent leurs initiatives entrepreneuriales en mettant en place des stratégies identitaires mobilisant les valeurs de solidarité familiales et ethniques de leur pays d’origine qui sont propices à l’entrepreneuriat. Pour ce faire, elles se transforment en « femmes fortes ».Item Accès libre Essais sur l’économie du développement : durabilité, changement climatique et politique agricole(2025) Kutangila, Abel Lufutu; Gervais, Antoine; Richard, PatrickCette thèse, articulée autour de trois articles distincts mais interconnectés, se plonge au cœur de thématiques essentielles liées au développement durable, au changement climatique et aux politiques agricoles dans les pays en développement, avec une attention particulière portée à l’Inde. Chaque article traite d’une problématique spécifique, offrant des analyses à la fois théoriques (dans le premier chapitre) et empiriques (dans les deuxième et troisième chapitres), ainsi que des recommandations politiques pertinentes. Le premier article analyse l’efficacité des quotas individuels transférables (QITs) dans la gestion durable des ressources naturelles renouvelables, en utilisant un modèle à générations imbriquées de ménages agricoles. Les résultats indiquent que, dans des conditions de marché parfaites, les QITs peuvent restaurer l’optimum social en internalisant les externalités liées à l’utilisation des ressources. Toutesfois, en présence de contraintes sur les marchés, notamment le marché de crédit, les QITs seuls ne suffisent pas à préserver l’environnement sans compromettre le bien-être des ménages. Par conséquent, des politiques publiques visant à améliorer l’accès au crédit sont essentielles pour atteindre l’optimum social dans la gestion durable des ressources. Cela souligne l’importance d’une approche intégrée qui prend en compte à la fois les dimensions économiques et environnementales. Le deuxième article analyse l'impact de l'épuisement des eaux souterraines sur la réallocation de la main-d'œuvre de l'agriculture vers les secteurs non agricoles en Inde. Utilisant des méthodes de variables instrumentales et des données granulaires, l'étude démontre que la sécheresse, en réduisant la productivité agricole, pousse les travailleurs agricoles vers des emplois non agricoles, tout en exerçant une pression à la baisse sur les salaires non agricoles. L'infrastructure, notamment la densité routière et des marchés, amplifie cet impact, facilitant la réaffectation de la main-d'œuvre. Ces résultats mettent en lumière les dynamiques complexes entre l'épuisement des ressources en eau, la réallocation de la main-d'œuvre et les structures salariales, offrant des perspectives pour des interventions politiques adaptées. Le troisième article évalue l'impact causal de la National Food Security Mission (NFSM) sur la production de blé en Inde, en utilisant une approche combinée de Régression sur Discontinuité (RD) et de Différence-en-Différence Dynamique (DDD). Les résultats indiquent une augmentation significative de la superficie cultivée et de la production de blé dans les districts éligibles, sans impact sur le rendement. Ces résultats fournissent des preuves rigoureuses de l’efficacité de la NFSM, suggérant que l'expansion du programme et l'incorporation de mesures pour améliorer les rendements pourraient renforcer son impact, informant ainsi les futures interventions pour la sécurité alimentaire. En synthèse, cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l'économie du développement en fournissant des preuves empiriques et des recommandations politiques pour des interventions plus efficaces dans la gestion des ressources naturelles et la sécurité alimentaire. Les résultats obtenus offrent des orientations pratiques pour les décideurs politiques, soulignant la nécessité de politiques intégrées et coordonnées pour promouvoir un développement durable dans les pays en développement.Item Accès libre L'émergence d'un modèle d'arrimage de la gestion de changement et de la gestion de projet en contexte de déploiement d'un progiciel de gestion intégré(Université de Sherbrooke, 2025) Sarr, Aliou; Roy, Mario; Lehmann, ValérieThe objective of this research is to understand and describe the stowage of change management and project management in the context of deploying enterprise-resource planning (ERP. This type of deployment impacts the daily operations of organizations and presents implementation challenges and issues. Under an interpretivist epistemological paradigm, this unique case study highlights a stowage approach observed during the deployment of the Workday human resources management software at Desjardins. This work was carried out using an inductive thematic analysis of data collected from participant observation, semi-structured individual interviews, formal group meetings, and document analyses. The main result of this study is the emergence of an empirical model for the stowage of change management and project management corresponding to an approach for implementing enterprise-resource planning (ERP deployment. The mechanisms, structures, and people that give meaning to stowage and act to ensure it produces its beneficial effects are the three main pillars of the model we call the stowage triangle. Each main pillar has its own reinforcing conditions. Promoters, project managers, and change management specialists could use the proposed conceptual model in the context of ERP deployment involving organizational transformation. This study also shows the predominance of leadership in change management activities when the project execution reaches the deployment stage. This highlights the critical issue of change management on the success of the deployment, the project, and project management.Item Accès libre L’impact de l’innovation collaborative sur la performance durable des PME manufacturières dans le contexte de l’Industrie 4.0(Université de Sherbrooke, 2025-01-27) Gamra, Jamel; Mosconi, Elaine; Cadieux, JeanIn an environment characterized by frequent changes, particularly those driven by Industry 4.0, manufacturing SMEs are threatened due to their lack of means and resources to fully engage in this new industrial era. One solution lies in innovation, but their inability to innovate alone forces them to seek external partnerships. This study explores the impact of collaborative innovation (CI with external partners on the sustainable performance of SMEs, a domain rarely studied quantitatively for these businesses. We defined and measured CI and sustainable performance for SMEs, identifying essential factors often neglected, such as stakeholder engagement, risk management, and transparency. We introduced the openness strategy into our conceptual framework to address this gap, adding this component to strategic sensing, seizing, and resource reconfiguration. Our hypothesis was tested on a sample of 102 manufacturing SMEs in Quebec using a structural equation modelling technique. The main results indicate that the augmented definition of CI is valid, and that CI has a positive and significant effect on sustainable performance. The openness strategy proved crucial for developing relationships with stakeholders and promoting sustainable development. The relationship between CI and sustainable performance is bidirectional, paving the way for further research to identify the levers between these components and those of sustainable performance as defined by the SBSC. Given that our study is exploratory and predictive, our model demonstrated a high predictive capacity. The managerial implications are significant: by adopting an openness strategy and strengthening relationships with stakeholders, SMEs can develop CI, thereby improving their competitiveness in a constantly evolving environment.Item Accès libre Vers une gouvernance centrée sur la création de valeur : perspectives comparatives entre La Publique et la PME en contexte de changement(Université de Sherbrooke, 2025-01-20) Boisvert-St-Arnaud, Thomas; Mosconi, ElaineThis thesis examines organizational governance focused on value creation, both in the public sector and in SMEs. Drawing upon a grounded theory methodology, it delves into the governance mechanisms in place within these two sectors, highlighting their similarities and differences. The study reveals that, although driven by distinct motivations, these sectors display surprising convergences in their governance approaches. Nevertheless, key differences rooted in their specific operational contexts and missions persist. The findings underscore the need for adaptive governance, centered on value creation. Through its comparative analysis, this research offers a unique contribution to governance literature and provides practical recommendations for organizations seeking to refine their governance practices.Item Accès libre Analyse du marché du travail et de la distribution des revenus dans un contexte de changement technologique(Université de Sherbrooke, 2024-12-19) Podda Abouna, Mahamat; Fortin, Mario; Savard, LucThe current wave of automation, robotization, and digitization encompasses a multitude of technological innovations that, by their very nature and the scale of their dissemination, are profoundly transforming production systems and the economy. The technological change underway in the way goods and services are produced, consumed, and exchanged have a multitude of repercussions, both at the macro and micro levels. It induces structural changes in the labor market and modifies production methods. Its influence on the combination of production factors and their remuneration, as well as on educational choices, affects the distribution of income in the economy. Characterized by a bias towards capital and skills, it favors the holders of these assets. This raises the question of identifying winners and losers, a prerequisite for implementing compensation measures in such a context. Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence have rekindled fears of technological unemployment. The growing impact of these technological advances in automating the production of goods and services has also given rise to a literature on their distributive impacts, notably with the computable general equilibrium method. This thesis aims to propose an analytical framework for assessing the distributional impacts of economic policies and external shocks in a context of technological change affecting the production structure of industries, the level and structure of employment, and the link between the labor market and the education system. The contribution of this thesis is highlighted in three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the role of firms' intrinsic characteristics in their ability and ease to combine capital and different types of labor by level of education in a context of technological change. This question, insufficiently considered in this literature, could have an impact on the evolution of the structure of employment and the different types of labor income. The second chapter presents the construction of a behavioral microsimulation model adapted to the analysis of distributional impacts at the microeconomic level. This chapter highlights the value of a behavioral approach to the macro-micro framework (CGE-MMS, which considers the feedback effect of agents' microeconomic behavior. This effect is not necessarily incorporated explicitly in the CGE or arithmetic CGE-MMS approaches available in this literature. This behavioral approach does not require the assumption that the simulated shock causes only a "marginal" variation in the prices faced by the agent. This assumption is essential to justify the use of the arithmetic CGE-MMS approach. The last chapter proposes a unified framework combining the models of chapters 1 and 2, and where the model of chapter 1 is enriched by an explicit modeling of the education system (decomposed by educational cycle and its link with the labor market. In particular, this framework makes it possible to take into account the effect of this link on the level of income inequality. Finally, this thesis proposes as a contribution a unified macro-micro framework for analyzing the distributional impacts of simulated shocks in a context of technological change. At the macroeconomic level, it considers both the direct and indirect effects of the technological change context, as well as the link between the labor market and the education system. At the microeconomic level, it considers individual behavioral reactions in terms of labor supply.Item Accès libre Quelles activités particulières sont réalisées pendant le temps passé comme entrepreneur naissant au sein d’un écosystème entrepreneurial?(Université de Sherbrooke, 2024-12-10) Grandbois, Valérie; Lalonde, Jean-FrançoisOn connaît assez peu de chose sur la phase d’émergence organisationnelle du processus entrepreneurial, notamment en ce qui a trait aux activités réalisées par l’entrepreneur naissant, dans le temps réel requis pour opérationnaliser (ou non une entreprise et à la valeur ajoutée pour l’écosystème entrepreneurial de l’action entrepreneuriale qui ne se concrétise pas en entreprise opérationnelle. Le temps passé comme entrepreneur naissant ainsi que les activités particulières réalisées pendant cette période ne semblent pas bien compris par les acteurs de l’accompagnement. Qui plus est, ces trajectoires qui s’éternisent ou qui ne s’actualisent pas dans une entreprise opérationnelle ne correspondent pas aux attentes de performance des acteurs de l’accompagnement. Les études sur le sujet soulignent le fait que l’entrepreneuriat naissant est une étape floue et complexe du processus et qu’une recherche qualitative longitudinale est toute désignée pour déceler quelles sont les activités particulières réalisées pendant le temps passé comme entrepreneur naissant au sein de l’écosystème entrepreneurial. À l’issue d’une présence active et prolongée allant de novembre 2014 à mars 2019 et cumulant plus de 850 heures d’observation , nous avons reconstitué six trajectoires entrepreneuriales par des récits ethnographiques. Pendant près de 10 ans , leurs trajectoires ont été suivies au sein de l’écosystème entrepreneurial permettant de révéler quatre activités particulières qui témoignent du temps passé comme entrepreneur naissant, mais également d’une grande valeur ajoutée pour l’écosystème entrepreneurial. Notre contribution se situe sur le plan de la découverte de ces activités en fonction de leur intensité et de leur temporalité, mais également dans l’esquisse d’une nouvelle catégorie d'activités réalisées dans la phase d’émergence organisationnelle qui concerne la proactivité.Item Accès libre Essais sur les politiques macroéconomiques(Université de Sherbrooke, 2024-07-11) Dabiré, Fabrice Anicet Parfait; Rouillard, Jean-François; Richard, PatrickThis thesis undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the influence of fiscal and monetary policies on the economy. The first two chapters primarily involve empirical investigations utilizing Vector Autoregressive (VAR models. In the aftermath of the Great Recession, economists have dedicated considerable attention to the efficacy of these policies in reviving economic activity. The first two chapter of this thesis makes a notable contribution to the ongoing discourse by delving into the following specific aspects: the impact of monetary policy communications (“forward guidance” and the evaluation of the fiscal multiplier. In the third chapter, I delve into the examination of how households’ heterogeneity affects the transmission of monetary policy within a Tractable Heterogeneous Agents New Keynesian (THANK model. The primary objective of the first chapter is to investigate the effect of US forward guidance and unanticipated monetary policy easing on four US bilateral nominal exchange rates (US dollar against Canadian dollar, British pound, Euro, and Japanese yen, net exports, and real GDP. The underlying concept developed in the MundellFleming model is that a domestic country’ currency depreciation in response to monetary easing prompts a shift in expenditures towards domestic goods, thereby enhancing the nation’s trade competitiveness, net exports, and real GDP. This study introduces a novel element in the macroeconomic literature by addressing the empirical existence of this expenditure-switching effect triggered by forward guidance easing, an aspect hitherto unexplored in empirical macroeconomic literature. I commence by examining a Two-Country New Keynesian model’s response to unanticipated monetary policy and forward guidance easing concerning exchange rates, real GDP, and other macroeconomic aggregates. Subsequently, I apply the observed sign of the responses in the model to their empirical counterparts to disentangle the empirical effects of the two shocks using quarterly data from 1983 to 2019. The findings reveal that US forward guidance easing leads to a depreciation in exchange rates, ranging from 2 to 4 percent. This depreciation, in turn, initially impacts net exports negatively before it improves, as anticipated by economic theory. However, the credible sets of the responses (sets of possible empirical responses encompass zero, highlighting a possibility that there is no effect of the depreciation on US’ net exports. The robustness of the results is established through the application of narrative sign restrictions and supplementary analysis. Given the major priority of identifying the repercussions of the shock on the macroeconomic aggregates, the second contribution of this chapter stems, among other things, from the demonstration that the use of the narrative approach optimizes the identification of the shock from macro quarterly data. The remaining supplementary findings confirm that (i a VAR model augmented with interest rate forecasts contains sufficient information to identify forward guidance and unanticipated monetary shocks. Moreover, (ii the nominal bilateral exchange rates exhibit a hump-shaped depreciation of two to four percent following a 25 basis point forward guidance easing, aligning with the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity condition. (iii Both shocks account for between 7.3 percent and 27.9 percent of the exchange rate variance, with the forward guidance shock contributing to at least 50 percent of this decomposition. Finally, (iv forecasters perceive the forward guidance shock as a deviation from the Taylor rule. The second chapter, a collaborative endeavor, focuses on evaluating the Canadian government spending multiplier. This research is particularly relevant due to the limited number of studies addressing the fiscal multiplier in the context of Canada. Furthermore, this work contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the state’s dependency and the value of the fiscal multiplier, which is generally considered to be state-dependent and falls between 0.5 and 1 for developed countries. For this study, we use a Vector Autoregressive (VAR model employing quarterly Canadian data spanning from 1961 to 2019. The selection of variables for the VAR model is meticulously undertaken to accurately reflect the distinct characteristics of the Canadian economy, particularly its interactions with US business cycles. The impact of government spending shocks is identified through sign restrictions. The results highlight a multiplier greater than 1 for the Canadian economy. Additionally, the examination of state dependency of the multiplier reveals that the effect of government spending remains consistent during both periods of economic expansion and recession. Furthermore, neither net exports, real exchange rates, nor terms-of-trade exhibit significant responses to government spending shocks. The study also uncovers substantial and long-lasting effects of investment-specific and consumptionspecific government spending shocks on output. In the final chapter, the analysis extends a Tractable Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (THANK model with housing sector to examine how disparities in access to investment and housing, particularly property ownership affordability, influence the transmission of monetary policy. Housing’s pivotal role as a primary consumption good and asset for households in the US and Canada is well established in macroeconomic literature. Fluctuations in housing prices and associated costs directly impact households’ wealth, influencing their decisions regarding consumption and savings. However, these effects are far from uniform across households. The implications of housing price fluctuations on consumption are contingent upon financial situations (income inequality and access to property (housing inequality. Therefore, this chapter contributes to the literature and ongoing debate by proposing a Tractable Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (THANK model to analyze the housing sector’s influence on monetary policy transmission. The model incorporates two categories of households: the wealthy households called ”Savers”, and the low-income group referred to as ”Hand-to-Mouth.” The former group allocates a portion of their income to both housing and capital investment, while the latter group fully spends their income on goods and housing rent, which reacts more than one to one to shifts in aggregate income. The results reveal that the combination of housing and capital investment increases the consumption multiplier in response to an interest rate cut, in comparison to a model exclusively based on capital investment or the New Keynesian model featuring a representative agent. Moreover, when considering income inequality and the risk of households transitioning between categories, the multiplier effect becomes even more pronounced. Additionally, when fiscal authorities redistribute different income types within the model, the predominant impact is observed on aggregate consumption and consumption inequality. Lastly, when the central bank targets a synthetic Consumer Price Index (CPI, encompassing both goods and housing rent, the effect of an interest rate cut on macroeconomic aggregates is diminished.Item Accès libre Essais sur l’économie de l’adaptation aux changements climatiques(Université de Sherbrooke, 2024-05-02) Awe, Jean; Ksoll, ChristopherThis research examines the effects of climate change adaptation measures on ecosystem services in the province of Quebec (Canada and in the agricultural sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. It comprises three articles. The first article aims to evaluate the impact of adopting climate change adaptation strategies on the increase in agricultural yields, analyzing the effect of each strategy individually. To do this, it relies on data collected from 5,091 agricultural households in four African countries : Burkina Faso, Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The study also includes the analysis of spatial climate data over a 30-year period, covering five climate variables. The results reveal that adaptation significantly increases agricultural yields, thanks notably to better access to credit and adequate information. I estimated a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, as well as for the unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farms. The results show that the adoption of adaptation measures increases agricultural yields by 281 kg, an increase of 23.3% compared to the average annual yield. The adoption of adaptation strategies, whether individual or combined, significantly increases agricultural yields. Thus, the combination of adjusting planting dates and choosing cultivated varieties is associated with the highest agricultural yields, namely 343.3 kg per hectare. The second article of this thesis uses the same data sets and methodology as the f irst to examine the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies in reducing farmers’ vulnerability to climatic hazards. The results indicate a significant reduction in this vulnerability due to the implementation of these measures. However, the impact of adaptation on reducing climate risks varies from country to country. The final article of this research examines the economic benefits of seven adaptation strategies aimed at improving both ecosystem services and open-water fishing in Lake Saint-Pierre, Quebec. For this, the analysis is based on data collected from recent visits of 212 fishermen across six different sites on the lake, as well as on responses obtained through discrete choice surveys. The results reveal that the implementation of these measures could result in annual gains estimated at about 9.62 million dollars for open-water f ishing. Moreover, this study provides important insights into the integration of data from revealed and stated preferences, highlighting a notable divergence between hypothetical choices and decisions made during actual fishing activities.Item Accès libre The impact of corporate social responsibility on corporate risk-taking : evidence from Mergers and acquisitions (M&As(Université de Sherbrooke, 2024-03-01) Rugira, John; Somé, Yirlier HyacintheThis thesis provides a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility, and risk-taking in the complex framework of mergers and acquisitions (M&As. Through a series of three essays, it delves into various dimensions of this intricate interplay. The first essay underscores the significance of integration complexity in M&A's pre-deal phase and its impact on the likelihood of successful deal completion. It also demonstrates the positive role of ESG factors in enhancing the probability of deal completion, even amidst heightened complexity. The second essay delves into the connection between CSR and risk-taking in the context of M&As. It unveils the nuanced relationship between ESG factors, integration complexity, and corporate risk-taking across pre- and post-M&A periods. Notably, it highlights how ESG factors can mitigate the challenges posed by complexity, fostering a conducive environment for enhanced risk-taking. The third essay delves into the role of CSR as a control mechanism in mitigating deviations from optimal risk-taking within M&As. By focusing on excessive risk avoidance and excessive risk-taking, the essay underscores the regulating influence of pre-M&A ESG practices on these tendencies. It aligns with stakeholder theory, emphasizing the importance of responsible behavior in achieving a balanced approach to risk-taking. Mutually, these essays contribute to an understanding of CSR's intricate role in shaping risk-taking decisions within the dynamic framework of M&As. They shed light on how ESG factors can positively influence deal completion, risk-taking behavior, and deviations from optimal risk levels.Item Accès libre Les pratiques de gestion habilitantes du supérieur immédiat : un facteur organisationnel prédisposant à la santé au travail pour les préposées aux bénéficiaires œuvrant en CHSLD?(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-11-30) Beauchamp, Sophie; Desmarais, Lise; Aubry, FrançoisPatient attendants (PAs working in residential and long-term care centres (CHSLDs present high levels of absenteeism as a result of employment injuries (MSSS, 2019 and mental health problems, such as depression, professional burnout and psychological distress (Aubry et al., 2015; MSSS, 2019. A literature review and a corporate residency revealed that empowerment is a predisposing factor for the workplace health of PAs (Bourbonnais et al., 2006; Cready et al., 2008; Yeatts et al., 2010. Studies also confirm the influence of empowering leadership on employee health (Bobbio et al., 2012 ; Drouin et al., 2018 ; Greco et al. 2006 ; Moulin, 2021. However, the influence of the empowering management practices of immediate supervisors (living unit coordinators and team leaders on the health of PAs was not known. This research seeks to fill this gap, that is, study the impact of the empowering management practices of immediate supervisors on the psychological distress of PAs in CHSLDs. A secondary objective is to look at the role of psychological empowerment as a mediator between the management practices of immediate supervisors and the psychological distress of PAs. PAs in three different CISSSs and CIUSSSs in Québec were asked to fill out questionnaires. Our sample consisted of 213 PAs. The data was analyzed using a simple mediation regression model (Hayes, 2022. Our results show that the frequency of use of empowering management practices by immediate supervisors negatively influences the psychological distress of PAs and that psychological empowerment is indeed a mediator of this relationship. Moreover, each of the subdimensions of empowering management practices, namely, delegation, coaching and recognition, also negatively influence the psychological distress of PAs.Item Accès libre Enterprise social media to foster digital maturity(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-10-19) Feitosa Jorge, Leandro; Mosconi, Elaine; De Santa-Eulalia, Luis AntonioDeveloping their digital maturity is one of the most important goals of contemporary organizations. However, succeeding in this endeavor requires constant changes in the fabric of organizations and within their value-creation processes. Previous studies provided evidence of the benefits of enterprise social media to support value-creation shifts. Hence, exploring the use of enterprise social media to support digital maturity development seems coherent, although underexplored in the extant literature, especially in the context of small organizations. This doctoral research addresses this gap, by studying the use of enterprise social media, an affordable and intuitive technology, to support the development of digital maturity in the context of a small organization. To accomplish this task, we embraced an action research methodology for context understanding and problem-solving. Several data collection techniques were applied, and a template analysis approach supported data analyses, guiding the development of the action research cycles. Our research proposes a theoretical framework in which enterprise social media is likely to trigger different value-creation shifts within the partner organization, supporting the development of a flexible structure to face the challenges of the turbulent digital business environment. The proposed framework is drawn on emergent insights from the action research interventions applied in the context of a small organization. Results suggest that the different forms of value-creation related to the use of enterprise social media platforms supported the partner organization to develop its digital maturity, contributing to the Sociotechnical Systems perspective and the Contingency Theory. Moreover, while describing that technology implementation alone will not advance an organization’s digital maturity, this paper provides managers with insights into how to use enterprise social media as part of their digital maturity strategies, to assess their organizations’ enterprise social media maturity level, and to understand the potential of enterprise social media to create value in the digital business environment.Item Accès libre Volonté à payer (VAP pour la réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone au Québec et valeur récréative du parc du Mont-Bellevue (PMB de Sherbrooke : trois essais en évaluation non marchande(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-09-27) Kolombia, Kpanoga; He, JieThis thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter examines the consumer-citizen duality in two contexts of solar fuel purchase in Quebec. To this end, we conducted an online survey by randomly assigning two questionnaires to two groups of respondents. The first group of respondents (consumer group was subjected to a consumer scenario based on the decision to buy solar fuel, and the second group (citizen group was subjected to a scenario based on the decision to sup- port the Quebec government’s renewable energy policy. Using the multi-attribute choice method, we obtained four attributes of solar fuel, namely environmental performance, fuel mix, fuel accessibility, and solar fuel price. We found that citizens are willing to pay CAD $1.96 per liter to reduce 1 % of CO2 emissions, while consumers are only willing to pay CAD $1.36 per litre. Specifically, citizens are willing to pay CAD $122.5/tCO2, while consumers are willing to pay only CAD $82.25/tCO2. Similarly, they are willing to pay CAD $2.19 per liter to increase the share of solar fuel in gasoline by 1 %. In contrast, consumers are only willing to pay CAD $ 1.6 per liter. In terms of accessibility, citizens are willing to pay CAD $1.23 per liter to increase the share of conventional service stations dispensing solar fuel by 1 %, while consumers are only willing to pay CAD $1.12 per liter. These results confirm the literature according to which citizens express higher willingness-to-pay (WTP than consumers. In addition, people belonging to Quebec’s left-wing parties such as the Parti libéral du Québec, Québec solidaire, Parti québécois, Parti vert and Nouveau Parti démocratique du Québec are more sensitive to environmental issues. This is in line with the literature according to which supporters of more left-wing political parties are often more respectful of the environment. In the second chapter, we evaluated the effect of policy consequentiality on willingness-to-pay (WTP in two different contexts : a consumer context based on the decision to buy solar fuel and a citizen context based on the decision to guide the Quebec government in its renewable energy expansion policy. To do this, we conducted an online survey between March 15 and April 08, 2021 among people aged 18 and over, who have at least one internal combustion engine vehicle, and who reside in the province of Quebec. This is the same survey as in Chapter 1. To answer our research question, we designed two versions of the questionnaire, randomly assigned to respondents. We used the random parameter logit model to assess the effect of policy consequentiality on respondents’ WTP for solar fuel at- tributes (environmental performance, accessibility and fuel mix. The results show that consequential individuals in the consumer group are willing to pay CAD $106 to reduce one tonne of CO2, while non-consequential consumers are only willing to pay CAD $16 per tCO2. Similarly, consequent citizens are willing to pay CAD 159 to reduce a tonne of CO2, while non-consequent citizens are only willing to pay CAD 3.44 per tCO2. The results are in line with the literature according to which a strong perception of policy consequentiality increases respondents’ willingness to pay (WTP. Analyzing both samples, we find that consequential individuals subject to the public policy context express higher WTPs than consequential individuals subject to the private consumption context. The third chapter evaluates the demand for recreational visits to PMB in summer and winter. To do this, we conducted two online surveys (summer and winter of visitors to Mont-Bellevue Park (PMB. The demand for recreational visits and their values are estimated using the travel cost method (TCM and the truncated negative binomial model (TNBM. Travel cost is an important determinant of demand for recreational visits to the park. The lower the travel cost, the higher the demand for visits, and vice versa. We found an annual consumer CS of CAD $553,168 in summer and CAD $250,985 in winter. This result verifies our hypothesis that the recreational value of Mont-Bellevue Park (PMB is higher in summer than in winter.Item Accès libre Prise en compte des préférences dans l’évaluation économique en santé des populations : le cas des années de vie ajustées par la qualité(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-07-26) Touré, Moustapha; He, Jie; Poder, ThomasCette thèse s’intéresse à l’optimisation des instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie dans un contexte de calcul de l’année de vie ajustée par la qualité (QALY. Le premier chapitre constitue une revue systématique de la littérature sur les dimensions couvertes ainsi que le processus de développement des instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie et basés sur les préférences. L'évaluation économique est d'une grande aide dans le processus de décision en matière de soins de santé. Le concept d'année de vie ajustée par la qualité (QALY offre une occasion rare de combiner deux aspects cruciaux de la santé, à savoir la mortalité et la morbidité, en un seul indice aux fins de comparaison. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux outils sont disponibles pour mesurer la morbidité en termes de qualité de vie reliée à la santé (QVRS et une importante littérature décrit comment les utiliser. La connaissance de leurs caractéristiques et de leur processus de développement est un point clé pour élaborer, adapter ou sélectionner l'instrument le plus adapté aux besoins futurs. Dans ce but, nous avons réalisé une revue systématique des instruments utilisés pour le calcul du QALY, et 46 études ont été sélectionnées après des recherches dans quatre bases de données. Les résultats montrent principalement que les études portant sur le développement d'instruments spécifiques étaient principalement motivées par l'inadéquation des instruments génériques dans leur domaine. Aussi, tous les instruments génériques recensés ont mis l’emphase sur les dimensions relatives à l’aspect physique de la santé, au détriment des aspects mental et social. Le deuxième chapitre concerne le développement d’un instrument générique plus complet et plus équilibré dans sa composition dans le but de mesurer la qualité de vie reliée à la santé globale (QVRS-G. Les instruments génériques sont d’un grand apport dans la mesure de la QVRS-G. Leur applicabilité à tous les patients, quel que soit leur profil de santé, permet de comparer différents programmes appartenant à différents domaines. Dans ce contexte, les instruments de mesure des années de vie ajustées sur la qualité (QALY doivent tenir compte de la QVRS-G afin de permettre l'émergence des meilleurs programmes pour une utilisation plus efficace des ressources en santé. Cependant, de nombreuses différences peuvent être perçues parmi les instruments génériques existants quant à leur composition, où les dimensions liées aux aspects physiques de la santé sont généralement mieux représentées que les dimensions liées aux aspects mentaux ou sociaux. L'objectif de cette étude était de développer un instrument générique qui serait complet dans ses méta-dimensions couvertes et refléterait, de manière équilibrée, les aspects importants de la QVRS-G. À cette fin, une procédure Delphi a été organisée en quatre tours, rassemblant 18 participants, dont sept patients, six soignants et cinq citoyens. La structure de l'instrument issu de la procédure Delphi a été soumise à des tests psychométriques à partir des données d'une enquête en ligne auprès de la population générale du Québec (n = 2 273. Le questionnaire résultant, le 13-MD, a démontré des propriétés psychométriques satisfaisantes. Il comprend 33 items ou dimensions, avec cinq à sept niveaux chacun et reflète, sous une forme équilibrée, les aspects essentiels de la QVRS-G en incluant cinq méta-dimensions pour la santé physique, quatre méta-dimensions pour la santé mentale, trois méta-dimensions pour la santé sociale et une méta-dimension pour la sexualité et l'intimité. Le troisième chapitre se consacre à l’adaptation de la 2e version du Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2 aux préférences des patients atteints de cancer du sein et colorectal et aussi à l’étude de la nature et de l’ampleur des différences de préférences pouvant exister entre la population générale du Québec et lesdits patients. La revue systématique de la littérature sur les instruments de mesure de la qualité de vie a permis de constater l’essor des instruments spécifiques dû au manque de sensibilité des instruments génériques dans la mesure des gains dans certains domaines. À cela s’ajoute le débat considérable présent dans la littérature sur quelles préférences considérer dans le développement des instruments de mesure où certains suggèrent de considérer les préférences de la population générale, tandis que d'autres optent pour celles des patients ou l'utilisation des deux. Toutefois un pan de plus en plus important de la littérature plaide pour l’utilisation des préférences des patients car, ce sont ces derniers qui subissent la maladie et sont plus à même d’évaluer les états de santé dans le choix des programmes devant les impacter. Cependant, spécifiquement au cancer, aucun instrument basé sur les préférences des patients n’est observé. Ainsi, cette étude décrit le développement d'un nouvel ensemble de valeurs pour un instrument générique bien connu et très utilisé, le SF-6Dv2, afin de mieux prendre en compte les préférences des patients atteints de cancer dans l'ACU. Aussi, les préférences de la population générale du Québec ont été collectées et les différences de préférences entre ces deux groupes ont été étudiées. Dans ce but, une approche hybride combinant le time trade-off (TTO et le discret choice experiment (DCE a été utilisée. Les données des patients ont été collectées en deux périodes : avant (T1 et 8 jours après le début de la chimiothérapie (T2. Un total de 2 808 observations pour le TTO et 2 520 pour le DCE a été recensé pour le développement du nouveau value set des patients. Pour ce qui est de l’analyse des préférences de la population générale, un total de 34 353 observations pour le TTO et 26 719 observations pour le DCE ont servi à cet effet. Le nouveau value set des patients permet une plus grande plage d'utilité que les value sets de référence de l'EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L et du SF-6Dv2 de référence, et aide à mieux prendre en compte les préférences des patients expérimentant des situations de santé graves. Une bonne corrélation avec ces deux instruments et d'autres instruments spécifiques au cancer a été observée. Des différences significatives dans les valeurs d'utilité ont également été notées entre les périodes et les types de cancer. Concernant les différences de préférences, tant pour les patients que pour la population générale, la dimension « Douleur » est celle qui contribue le plus au score d'utilité. Toutefois, des différences notables ont été observées dans les estimés. Des différences significatives d'utilité ont également été notées, la population générale présentant des scores d'utilité moyens plus élevés. Ces différences se sont accrues à mesure que les états de santé se dégradaient. Cette étude décrit le développement d’un nouveau value set basé sur les préférences des patients avec cancer et met en lumière la nature des différences de préférences existantes entre les patients et la population générale du Québec afin de mieux les prendre en compte dans la sélection des programmes. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre décrit les normes populationnelles pour les valeurs d’utilité des patients avec cancer en se basant sur le nouveau value set développé dans le chapitre précédent. Les instruments génériques sont généralement basés sur les préférences de la population générale. Cependant, ils sont souvent critiqués pour leur manque de sensibilité dans certains domaines, comme le cancer. Pour aider à pallier ce constat, la dernière version du Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2 a été adaptée aux préférences des patients atteints de cancer du sein et colorectal du Québec. Toutefois, il n'existe pas de normes populationnelles pour ce nouveau value set. L'objectif de cette étude était de fournir des normes populationnelles pour les patients atteints de cancer du sein et de cancer colorectal au Québec. En utilisant 353 observations valides, il a été constaté que les patients étaient plus susceptibles de donner des scores d'utilité négatifs en T1 qu'en T2. Les hommes semblaient avoir des scores d'utilité moyens plus élevés en tenant compte du type de cancer et des comorbidités. Par rapport aux dimensions du SF-6Dv2, les femmes étaient plus nombreuses à avoir des problèmes de santé, la plupart d'entre elles ayant des problèmes de fonctionnement physique. Des différences significatives entre les sexes ont été notées pour toutes les dimensions, à l'exception de la « Limitation des rôles » et de la « Santé mentale ». Les patients atteints d'un cancer multifocal semblaient avoir des valeurs d'utilité moyennes et médianes plus élevées pour tous les sites de cancer considérés. Ces résultats seront utiles pour comparer les valeurs d'utilité ressenties par ces patients dans différents groupes socio-démographiques avec d'autres populations souffrantes ou non de la même maladie.Item Accès libre La gestion de la conformité de l'évaluation en douane chez les multinationales(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-07-05) Brouillard, Eloïse; Latulippe, LyneThe customs valuation issue at the heart of the research touches the dynamics of complex multinational companies using tax and cost structures optimization in the development of global supply chains. Internally, companies are internationalizing, by multiplying legal entities to do business on a global scale. The complexity of the financial transactions generated from those models comes up against the rigidity of customs declarations, which creates a risk of non-compliance in customs value. The research focuses on creating a viable option for multinational companies that face the challenges of customs valuation compliance management. The research project uses research design science (RDS methodology, in which data collected from experts, in the field of customs compliance, within multinational companies is embedded. The research offers an applied solution to the problem of customs valuation management, through a model developed as the customs valuation compliance framework. Through practical research, scientific knowledge has been generated in the complex area of cross-functional processes management and compliance, to contribute to the understanding and optimization of the control environment within multinational companies. Tools and success factors affecting the integration of complex cross-functional processes were raised and explained. Among other things, mechanisms that allow control and collaboration have been defined.Item Accès libre Essais sur les sources des dynamiques macroéconomiques(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-04-17) Bahun-Wilson, Ako Viou; Goyette, Jonathan; Rouillard, Jean-FrançoisCette thèse examine les sources des dynamiques macroéconomiques à l’aide des modèles d’équilibre général dynamique et stochastique (DSGE. Le sujet est motivé par l’impact négatif que peuvent avoir les fluctuations importantes de l’activité économique sur la croissance des économies à long terme et le bien-être des ménages. Dans un premier temps, nous revisitons l’impact de l’économie informelle sur les fluctuations économiques. La plupart des travaux dans ce domaine soutiennent qu’une mauvaise mesure de l’économie informelle dans les comptes nationaux surestime la volatilité des variables macroéconomiques. Nous estimons que ces résultats sont en partie liés au fait que dans ces études, le nombre de firmes qui produisent dans les secteurs formel et informel est fixe dans le temps. Pour tester notre hypothèse, nous construisons un modèle DSGE à deux secteurs où les firmes hétérogènes du point de vue de leur productivité ont le choix de se localiser dans le secteur formel ou informel au cours du cycle économique. Ceci conduit à une fluctuation de la marge extensive de chaque secteur. Nous calibrons le modèle sur l’économie brésilienne. Les résultats montrent qu’en présence des marges extensives flexibles, une mauvaise mesure de l’économie informelle dans les comptes nationaux ne surestime pas systématiquement la volatilité de la consommation. Plus particulièrement, lorsque l’entrée des firmes dans l’industrie ou le seuil de productivité du secteur informel peuvent fluctuer dans le temps, la volatilité de la consommation qui fait abstraction du secteur informel peut être plus faible que la véritable volatilité de la consommation qui inclut les biens formels et informels. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinons l’impact de la création et de la destruction des produits sur les dynamiques macroéconomiques. Notre étude est basée sur de récentes découvertes empiriques par Argente et al. (2018 qui montrent que la réallocation des produits, c’est-à-dire la création et la destruction de produits, passe par deux marges principales : la création et la destruction des modules de production au sein des firmes, les « extensions », et les changements dans les caractéristiques des produits au sein des modules de production que les firmes ont déjà dans leurs portefeuilles, les « améliorations ». Nous proposons donc un modèle DSGE dans lequel la réallocation des produits repose sur ces deux marges et examinons l’impact sur les dynamiques macroéconomiques des États-Unis. Nous montrons que par rapport au modèle standard qui ne tient compte que des extensions, le modèle augmenté des améliorations de produits explique mieux la dynamique de la productivité totale des facteurs (PTF des firmes. Le mécanisme derrière nos résultats est décrit comme suit : une récession facilite la production des produits de faible qualité/faible coût, ce qui permet la survie de modules à faible productivité au sein de la firme. Ces modules ne survivraient pas dans un environnement où ils n’auraient aucune possibilité de modifier la qualité de leurs biens. Ainsi, la PTF à l’échelle de la firme diminue. À mesure que le choc récessionniste se dissipe, la proportion de modules qui utilisent une technologie coûteuse et fabriquent des biens de haute qualité augmente, ce qui augmente par ricochet la PTF de la firme. Nos résultats illustrent l’importance de reconnaître la dynamique des caractéristiques des produits au sein des lignes de production des firmes en plus de la dynamique des lignes de production elles-mêmes pour comprendre les cycles économiques. Finalement, nous considérons une économie où un secteur est formel, l’autre est informel, et la dynamique des prix agrégés inclue les changements dans la variété et la qualité des produits au fil du temps. À la question de savoir si la prise en compte des changements dans la qualité et la variété des produits dans les prix agrégés conduit à une mesure plus élevée de la volatilité de la consommation, nous montrons que la réponse dépend de la proportion du secteur informel. Si la dynamique des prix dans le secteur informel n’est pas du tout mesurée, la réponse est oui, comme le montre la littérature jusqu’à présent. Cependant, si le secteur informel est entièrement mesuré, la réponse est non, comme démontré dans cette thèse.Item Accès libre Améliorer le processus décisionnel à travers la gestion de la relation gestionnaire-analyste de données dans un contexte d’intelligence d’affaires(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-02-10) Pouani Kameni, Serges Martial; Guillemette, Manon Ghislaine; Lévesque, JessicaInvestments in business intelligence and business analytics are now at the heart of the tools used to improve the competitiveness of organizations. However, it appears that the BI tools developed are frequently underused and do not meet user needs; delays and costs in completing BI projects are increasingly high; and the lack of trust and collaboration between groups leads to several conflicts in work teams (Evans, 2004; Luftman et al., 2015; Van den Hooff et Winter, 2011. Therefore, all strategies implemented in organizations to bring business and IT personnel together need to be reconsidered. Our thesis focuses mainly on the concepts of IT-business relationship quality and decision-making in a context of business intelligence and analytics. Being part of a positivist paradigm, our research methodology has integrated a fixed and non-experimental survey design to understand the perception of the relationship by the managers, to which we associated the Delphi method in order to better understand the perception of the relationship by the data analyst. On the one hand, seventy-five (75 managers participated in the survey, on the other hand, fourteen (14 data analysts experts constituted our panel for the realization of the Delphi. The results obtained make it possible to: 1. Identify the five (5 components of the IT-business relationship quality and its influencing factors; 2. Measure the influence of the three (3 mediating variables between the IT-business relationship quality and the performance of the decision-making process; 3. Identify the means used by data analysts to improve the IT-business relationship. These results suggest that organizations need to make managers and data analysts more aware of the importance of developing a quality, solid and collaborative relationship. In addition, leaders need to develop strategies which make it possible to strengthen the relationship between these two collaborators in order to ensure better consideration of information needs, to reduce conflicts and improve the decision-making of the managers through the use of BI tools. Finally, these results suggest an additional contribution: the IT-business relationship quality improves the quality and efficiency of the BI tools developed, thus helping to promote informed decision-making.Item Accès libre Effets indirects et distributifs de la participation aux marchés agricoles dans les pays en développement(Université de Sherbrooke, 2023-02-01) Camara, Alhassane; Savard, Luc; Fortin, MarioThe analysis of the effects of agricultural marketing on household (participants income and/or consumption suggests a consensus on a positive causal relationship. However, it would still be incomplete if it is restricted to the participants alone, because in an economic system, the participants interact with other institutions, thereby giving rise to indirect effects. Studies that focus on assessing indirect effects of marketing using a macroeconomic framework are scarce as they require the inclusion extensive margins. The existing studies suffer from unrealistic assumptions (absence of government, savings, absence of interaction with urban households, disregard heterogeneities, emphasize price policies, and finally rarely include distributional analyses. This thesis presents an approach that extends the literature to address the limitations outlined above. The objective is therefore to explore the indirect macroeconomic, sectoral, and distributional effects of policies targeting farm households in Malawi. To this end, it considers policies on access to agricultural technologies such as access to inorganic fertilizers and/or mechanization. The contribution of this thesis is twofold. First, it contributes to the literature on the analysis of the indirect effects of market-based agriculture, using a sequential approach that includes, both intensive and extensive margins. This approach also emphasizes heterogeneities among households based on their status in labor market. Second, by using a sequential approach that focuses on the microeconomic behaviors of agricultural households in terms of market participation, it extends the literature on the standard macro-micro synthesis, which has, focused heavily on modeling individual labor supply. To build the sequential approach, this thesis employs three modules that are first developed in the different chapters; the modules are then linked in the last chapter. In Chapter 1, we develop a structural model of a farm household that describes decisions of participation in both labor and product markets; the objective here is to identify factors influencing market participation. Solving this model showed nine participation regimes. Comparing the outcomes from the theoretical model with the data, our results indicate that the most prevalent regimes are those in which households are either absent from markets or absent from the product market and have excess labor supply. We estimate the reduced form of the model using an extension of the Heckman approach while including a control function to mitigate the endogeneity problem associated with the adoption of agricultural technologies. Results show that the use of inorganic fertilizers reduces the probability of being excluded from markets while increasing the intensity of participation. This result suggests that participation in agricultural markets is primarily determined by productivity gains in a context where subsistence agriculture is predominant. In Chapter 2, we construct a computable general equilibrium model that accounts for the trade-off that the representative household makes between farming and non-agricultural work. This trade-off is based on comparing transaction costs and wages across sectors. The objective is to explore the sectoral and macroeconomic effects of public investments that increase the productivity of food crops while considering the choice of sector of activity by the household. The introduction of this trade-off into the model allows us to consider, in a non-perfect way, the farm household model developed in Chapter 1. Our results indicate that the responsiveness of the whole economy to the productivity shock depends, inter alia, on the sensitivity of agricultural productivity to public investment and on the degree of labor mobility between agriculture and other industries, which is rarely highlighted in the literature. When labor mobility is improved, the effects of productivity gains are mitigated by an outflow of agricultural labor to the non-agricultural sector, thus increasing the number of unemployed people already in the sector. In Chapter 3, we develop a poverty module that singles out agricultural households from other households. The objective is first to highlight a "Bottom-Up/Top-Down" method that defines the links between the different models developed in chapter 1 and 2. Second, we examine indirect effects of policies aimed at increasing the productivity of farm households. Results show that when the access to fertilizers targets farm households with surplus labor and absent from the grain market, then we observe a greater market orientation. Indeed, the first reaction of these households is to use exclusively their initial surplus labor on the farm to generate marketable surplus production. At the macro level, the resulting reallocation of labor to agriculture creates positive effects on the targeted households, but also positive indirect effects on non-farm households, firms, and the government, through higher non-farm wages, higher returns to capital, lower prices, and a depreciation of the real exchange rate. The result is pro-poor growth with greater effects in rural than in urban areas. In addition, when the policy of access to inorganic fertilizer is supplemented by mechanization, participation in markets is increased. The resulting intensification of on-farm labor leads to a sustained increase in off-farm wages. The induced growth is greater while its effect on reducing poverty and inequality is relatively small. This is because the induced increase in non-agricultural wages is more favorable for non-agricultural (urban households that are relatively less exposed to poverty than for agricultural (rural households. Finally, when the fertilizer access policy targets households excluded from both grain and labor markets, we also observe greater market orientation. On the other hand, this results in a trade-off in the allocation of labor to non-farm activities, leading to lower production costs in these sectors and increased non-farm employment. The resulting growth is weak; its effect on poverty and inequality reduction is relatively small. Finally, this thesis shows a methodology that is relatively more suitable than the standard approach for analyzing the macroeconomic and distributional effects of targeted agricultural policies. The results support the claim that productivity-enhancing policies are essential to improve the effects of marketing policies such as price and transaction cost reduction policies. However, it also points to potential negative effects resulting from the reallocation of resources to the agricultural sector, such as increasing the cost of production in non-agricultural sectors.Item Accès libre L’impact du vécu des milléniaux sur leurs décisions de rester en ou de quitter leur emploi(Université de Sherbrooke, 2022-12-22) Fouquet, Étienne; Létourneau, IsabelleThis thesis proposes a theoretical model that attempts to explain the voluntary turnover and loyalty behaviors of millennials at work. Using an inductive approach and grounded theory methodology, the objective is to explore the work experiences of millennials in order to understand how their work experiences impact their decisions to stay in or leave their jobs. Based on semi-structured interviews analyzed through an iterative process and conducted with 19 Quebec millennials, a theoretical model emerged from the data and proposes an explanation of the phenomena of voluntary turnover and retention of this generation that differs from the dominant models of organizational behavior. The research allows, among other things, to place identity security at the center of an affective evaluation process of protection and threat. Based on this model, solutions are offered to employers, managers and human resources to transform traditional retention practices by approaches based on needs and affective skills.Item Accès libre La responsabilité sociale des institutions financières(Université de Sherbrooke, 2022-12-15) Fall, Moussa; Champagne, Claudia; Coggins, FrankThis thesis consists of three articles that are structured around the RSIF. The first article aims to compare the extra-financial ratings of financial institutions (FIs with those of non-financial companies (NFCs, and then to verify whether the ratings of banks coincide with those of their loan portfolio. To this end, a comparative analysis of the extrafinancial ratings of FIs and NFEs reveals that FIs perform better than NFEs. Friedman's tests also indicate that banks' non-financial ratings are independent of their loan portfolio. Kendall's test also confirms that banks' extra-financial performance has a low concordance with that of their loan portfolio over 10 of the 18 years studied in ESG and Environment, 6 of the 18 years studied in Social and 5 of the 18 years studied in Governance. In other words, the extra-financial performance of FIs does not seem to take into account the companies they finance, suggesting in particular that the banks' loan portfolios are not sufficiently taken into account in the banks' ratings. The second article proposes the creation of a composite index to measure SRFI that integrates the specificities of FIs. The indicators used in the construction of the index are derived from financial intermediation theory, stakeholder theory and common interest theory to trace the activities of FIs, determine the stakeholders of FIs, their expectations and interests, and the sources of externalities. Data are selected based on their analytical validity, measurability, and coverage. Reliability testing confirms consistency for the economic, legal, ethical, and SRFI measures, so that measurement error has little impact on the total SRFI index score. The robustness and sensitivity of the variables used are validated by the Sobol indices and correlation coefficients. The proposed arrow plot to aggregate the scores of the three dimensions adequately meets the need and objectives of index decomposition and granular analysis to guide decision making. The third paper discusses the relationship between banks' reputational risk and social responsibility measures. Thus, two CSR measures, MSCI/KLD scores and the FISR index we propose in this thesis, are tested on reputational risk measured by the occurrence of adverse media events (AME. Three control variables were introduced: size, financial performance, and type of bank (commercial or investment. The results show that the model with the variables “size”, “financial performance”, “type”, “MSCI/KLD rating” and “SRFI index”, better and significantly predicts the probability of AME occurrence than the baseline model. The results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test confirm that the predicted and observed values of the model are consistent. The odd ratio analysis reveals that all explanatory variables have effects on reputational risk as measured by AME occurrence. Wald and significance level statistics reveal that the variables “SRFI” and “bank type” have significant effects on the model and that SRFI is the strongest predictor of AME occurrence followed by the bank type variable. The Cox and Snell and Nalgelkerke R2 shows that the final model statistics fit the data well. The classification results confirm the predictive accuracy of the model with a correct classification percentage of 82.4 % compared to 56.9 % for the baseline model.